Monday, January 30, 2012

Friend Function and Friend Class

我們可以定義一個某一class相關的friend function,這個friend function定義在class的外部,卻有權限可以讀取或修改該對應class的private members。

這個函式的prototype需要寫在class裡面,且在前面加上friend的修飾詞,如:
friend void setValue( MyClass &, int );
該prototype可以放在class裡的任何一處,他與private/public無關,不會影響,但是建議放在最前面會是比較清楚的方法。

friend function有個物件的參數,所以我們才知道要針對的是哪個class instance。

myClass.h
class MyClass{
 friend void setDoctor(MyClass &, int);
 public:
  //constructor
  MyClass(int = -1);
  void displayHowManyDoctor();
 private:
  int doctor;
};

myClass.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "myClass.h"

using namespace std;

MyClass::MyClass(int doctor){
 this->doctor = doctor;
}

void MyClass::displayHowManyDoctor(){
 cout << "The Number of Doctor is " << this->doctor << endl;
}

// friend function
void setDoctor(MyClass &myClass, int new_doctor){
 cout << "grabbing private variable >> " << myClass.doctor << endl;
 myClass.doctor = new_doctor;
}

main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "myClass.h"

using namespace std;

int main(){

 // define an apple instance
 MyClass apple;

 // set the doctor value by using friend function
 setDoctor(apple, 1);

 // print out
 apple.displayHowManyDoctor();

 return 0;
}

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